Top 7 Hidden Causes of Ongoing Sinus Issues Guide — References

This page lists the academic and web-based sources that informed the Top 7 Hidden Causes of Ongoing Sinus Issues Guide. It is provided for those who wish to review the references used within the guide.

• Mayo Clinic: Chronic Sinusitis — Details the longer-term sinusitis picture, including blocked nasal breathing, mucus drainage, facial pressure, reduced smell or taste, headache, cough, tiredness, nasal polyps, deviated septum, smoke and pollutant exposure, allergy control, humidifier hygiene, prevention steps, possible contributors, and warning signs that need prompt medical care.
• Cleveland Clinic: Sinus Infection Sinusitis — Covers sinusitis as inflammation of the sinus lining, common symptoms such as congestion, postnasal drip, thick mucus, facial pressure, tooth or ear pressure, headache, cough, tiredness, and smell changes, plus possible contributors including infection, allergies, asthma, nasal polyps, deviated septum, weakened immunity, smoking, recurrent episodes, home care steps, and when healthcare input may be needed.
• AAFA: Sinusitis Sinus Infection or Sinus Inflammation — Brings together the role of allergies, infection, smoke, strong odours, air pollution, irritants, nasal polyps, deviated septum, narrowed sinus openings, blocked drainage, mucus build-up, facial pressure, headaches, tiredness, reduced smell, ear pressure, dental pressure, and symptom-relief steps such as steam and saline rinses.
• Allergy & Asthma Network: Sinusitis — Pulls together sinus inflammation, congestion, postnasal drip, facial pressure, mucus build-up, seasonal allergy triggers, and common irritants such as tobacco smoke, secondhand smoke, vaping aerosol, chemicals, fumes, dust mites, pet dander, mould, and pollen.
• Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology: Environmental Air Pollution and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review — Reviews evidence on air pollution and chronic rhinosinusitis, with attention to particulate matter exposure, symptom severity, disease burden, pollution-related irritation, home exposure patterns, and tracking air quality as part of a wider sinus review.
• Johns Hopkins Medicine: Air Pollution’s Link to Chronic Sinusitis — Reports research suggesting that ongoing polluted air exposure and fine particulate matter may affect sinus tissue in ways relevant to chronic sinusitis, while noting that part of the work involved animal research.
• Current Allergy and Asthma Reports: Role of Environmental Air Pollution in Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Details possible links between environmental pollutants and chronic rhinosinusitis, including inflammatory change, ciliary function, epithelial barrier effects, and wider pollutant-related sinus burden.
• Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology: Does Particulate Matter Really Affect Sinusitis? — Considers particulate matter as a possible contributor to sinus irritation and sinusitis, while adding context for everyday pollutant exposure and keeping the evidence framed as still developing.
• International Journal of Molecular Sciences: Effect of Airborne Particulate Matter on the Immunologic Characteristics of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps — Examines PM10 exposure in nasal polyp-derived fibroblasts and reports inflammatory changes relevant to chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
• Exploration of Asthma & Allergy: The Impact of Occupational Exposures on Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Scoping Review — Reviews workplace exposure research and gives backing for asking about jobs, tasks, dusts, fumes, airborne irritants, chemical exposures, and work-related symptom patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Rhinology: Occupational Exposure and the Risk of New-Onset Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Prospective Study 2013 to 2018 — Follows adults over five years and links new-onset chronic rhinosinusitis with workplace exposures such as hair-care products, cleaning agents among women, super glue, strong acids, cooking fumes, and wood dust.
• International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology: Occupational and Environmental Risk Factors for Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review — Reviews occupational and environmental exposure studies, giving research background for screening dust, fumes, smoke, chemicals, and work-related symptom patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis.
• Saudi Medical Journal: Occupational and Environmental Exposures, the Association with Chronic Sinusitis — Examines chronic sinusitis alongside occupational and environmental exposure patterns, including smoking, allergens, and higher-risk work groups, supporting workplace exposure screening where symptoms appear linked with specific environments.
• Respiratory Research: Occupational and Environmental Risk Factors for Chronic Rhinosinusitis in China: A Multicentre Cross-Sectional Study — Reports associations between chronic rhinosinusitis and occupational dust, poisonous gas exposure, carpets, pets, damp or mouldy environments, heating methods, and air conditioning use, giving background for both home and workplace exposure audit items.
• International Journal of Biometeorology: Climate and Sino-Nasal Symptoms — Examines weather patterns linked with sino-nasal symptom scores and gives cautious backing for tracking cold, dry, and changing weather conditions alongside symptom severity.
• Environmental Health: Association Between Outdoor Air Pollution and Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patient-Reported Outcomes — Examines outdoor air pollution and patient-reported chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms, adding weight to tracking pollution exposure alongside symptom severity.
• Healthdirect Australia: Sinusitis — Covers sinusitis symptoms, common causes, allergy and structural risk factors, smoking, overuse of decongestant sprays, self-care options such as saline care and steam, treatment choices, prevention, and when medical review may be needed.
• MSD Manual Professional: Sinusitis — Provides clinician-level background on acute and chronic sinusitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, and treatment options.
• Harvard Health Publishing: Chronic Sinusitis in Adults — Adds patient-facing background on chronic sinusitis symptoms, possible causes, diagnosis, treatment options, and long-term symptom patterns.
• Harvard Health Publishing: What to Do About Sinusitis — Discusses sinusitis symptoms, blocked sinus drainage, nasal irrigation, hydration, steam, head elevation, decongestants, nasal steroid sprays, chronic symptoms, and when ongoing symptoms may need medical review.
• Cleveland Clinic: Chronic Sinusitis — Describes chronic sinusitis as symptoms lasting 12 weeks or more, with swelling, trapped mucus, blocked drainage, congestion, facial pressure, postnasal drip, thick mucus, reduced smell, tiredness, sleep disruption, and day-to-day symptom burden. It also covers possible links with allergies, asthma, irritants, nasal polyps, deviated septum, tooth infection, weak immunity, home-care steps such as fluids, rest, steam, warm compresses, saline irrigation, nasal steroid sprays, and assessment options such as nasal endoscopy, CT or MRI when symptoms persist.
• CDC: Sinus Infection Basics — Flags key medical review points for sinus symptoms, including severe symptoms, worsening after initial improvement, symptoms lasting more than 10 days, fever lasting longer than 3 to 4 days, or multiple sinus infections in a year, while also noting symptom-relief steps such as warm compresses, saline spray, steam, and suitable over-the-counter options.
• Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy: Sleep Disruption in Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Reviews sleep disturbance as a common burden in chronic rhinosinusitis, linking poor sleep with reduced quality of life, fatigue, cognitive symptoms, mood, concentration, and day-to-day function.
• JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery: Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Mental Health — Reports an 11-year population-based cohort study showing a two-way association between chronic rhinosinusitis, anxiety, and depression, while adding useful context for reviewing mood, sleep disturbance, stress, and daily function as part of the wider symptom burden.
• International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology: Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Sleep: A Contemporary Review — Examines sleep dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis, covering links with symptom severity, quality of life, possible inflammatory pathways, recovery burden, and day-to-day symptom impact.
• Mayo Clinic News Network: Home Remedies, Steps to Help Relieve Sinusitis — Brings together practical sinus self-care steps, including fluids, moist air, warm compresses, nasal rinsing, rest, head elevation, smoke and polluted air avoidance, humidifier cleaning, and caution around alcohol or caffeine where dehydration or nasal swelling may be a concern.
• Allergy & Asthma Proceedings: Perceived Stress and Severity of Chronic Rhinosinusitis in Allergic and Nonallergic Patients — Links higher perceived stress scores with greater symptom burden in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, including postnasal discharge, thick discharge, cough, disturbed sleep, fatigue, and sadness.
• American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy: Burden of Illness, A Systematic Review of Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Reviews depression prevalence in chronic rhinosinusitis and reports links between positive depression screening, worse disease-specific quality of life, medication use, and healthcare use.
• Laryngoscope: Sleep Quality and Disease Severity in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Shows that poor sleep quality in chronic rhinosinusitis is linked with worse quality-of-life scores, depression, tobacco use, and disease-specific symptom burden.
• Sleep: Chronic Rhinosinusitis Impairs Sleep Quality, Results of the GA2LEN Study — Reports population-level findings that sleep problems were more common in people with chronic rhinosinusitis, increased with symptom severity, and included patterns such as snoring, poor sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness.
• Washington University in St. Louis: Sino-Nasal Outcome Test Scoring System — Explains SNOT score ranges, how higher scores indicate greater rhinosinusitis-related health burden, and why repeated scores can help track symptom change over time.
• Laryngoscope: Development of SNOT-22 Domains in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps — Validates SNOT-22 domains including nasal, ear or facial, sleep, function, and emotion in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.
• Clinical Otolaryngology: Psychometric Validity of the 22-Item Sinonasal Outcome Test — Confirms SNOT-22 as a validated patient-reported measure for rhinosinusitis symptoms, repeated symptom scoring, and health-related quality-of-life burden.
• MedlinePlus: Sinusitis — Gives patient-facing background on sinusitis causes, symptoms, self-care, treatment, prevention, warning signs, and when medical review may be needed.
• NCBI Bookshelf: Acute Sinusitis — Provides clinician-level background on acute rhinosinusitis definitions, symptom patterns, assessment, treatment principles, complications, and differences between acute, subacute, chronic, and recurrent symptoms.
• NCBI Bookshelf: Chronic Sinusitis — Gives clinician-level background on chronic rhinosinusitis lasting 12 weeks or more, including symptoms, multifactorial causes, risk factors, nasal obstruction, fatigue, reduced concentration, sleep disturbance, quality-of-life effects, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment planning.
• JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery: Association of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Depression and Anxiety in a Nationwide Insurance Population — Adds background evidence linking chronic rhinosinusitis with increased incidence of depression and anxiety.
• American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy: A Systematic Review of Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Adds wider background on depression prevalence and quality-of-life burden in chronic rhinosinusitis.
• NCBI Bookshelf: Overview Sinusitis — Explains how the sinuses connect with the nasal cavity, how swelling or fluid can affect nasal passages, and how sinusitis may involve nasal blockage, difficulty breathing through the nose, mucus, reduced smell, facial pressure, and pain that can travel towards the head or teeth.
• Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica: Facial Pain: Sinus or Not? — Reviews facial pain in ENT practice and explains why migraine, headache disorders, dental causes, and other pain patterns should be considered when facial pressure is present without strong nasal symptoms or objective sinus findings.
• PLOS One: The Effect of Nasal and Oral Breathing on Airway Collapsibility in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea — Compares nasal and oral breathing through computational airflow modelling, reporting smoother airflow during nasal breathing with the mouth closed, while keeping the findings limited to physiological background because the study focused on obstructive sleep apnoea.
• OHSU: Common Disorders of the Nose and Sinuses — Describes chronic sinusitis symptoms such as nasal obstruction, nasal drainage, reduced smell, facial pressure, frequent sinus infections, and links with allergies or asthma.
• Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research: Dimensional Changes in Maxillary Sinus of Mouth Breathers — Examines maxillary sinus dimensions in mouth breathers and adds cautious background on long-term mouth-breathing patterns, without treating this as proof of cause for an individual patient.
• Medical Science Monitor: Alterations in Maxillary Sinus Volume Among Oral and Nasal Breathers — Compares oral and nasal breathers and reports lower mean maxillary sinus volume in oral breathers, giving cautious background for reviewing long-term mouth-breathing patterns and sinus anatomy.
• Cleveland Clinic: Sinus Pressure — Explains sinus pressure as tightness or aching around the eyes, nose, forehead, and cheekbones, with possible spread towards the scalp, teeth, and jaws, alongside self-care steps such as keeping nasal passages moist, using saline spray or irrigation, staying hydrated, steam, and raising the head during symptomatic periods.
• RACGP: Sinusitis — Summarises primary-care guidance on acute and chronic sinusitis assessment, including symptom duration, nasal blockage, nasal discharge, facial pain or pressure, smell change, treatment principles, and when further review or referral may be needed, while warning that facial pain alone is often misdiagnosed as sinusitis.
• TeachMeAnatomy: The Paranasal Sinuses — Presents the anatomy of the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses, including sinus location, drainage points, pressure areas, and possible pain felt around the maxillary teeth.
• Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery: Rhinogenic and Nonrhinogenic Headaches — Reviews rhinogenic and nonrhinogenic headache patterns, noting that chronic facial pain is often not sinus-related and that confirmed chronic rhinosinusitis does not always explain pain location or intensity.
• Mayo Clinic: Chronic Sinusitis Diagnosis and Treatment — Details chronic sinusitis assessment and care options, including nasal endoscopy, CT or MRI imaging, nasal and sinus samples where needed, allergy testing, saline nasal rinses, nasal corticosteroids, allergy medicines, and clinician review when symptoms persist.
• Laryngoscope: Development of Sinonasal Outcome Test SNOT-22 Domains in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps — Validates SNOT-22 domains including nasal, ear or facial, sleep, function, and emotion, giving a structured basis for tracking sinus burden and wider quality-of-life effects over time.
• Mayo Clinic: Acute Sinusitis — Covers acute sinusitis symptoms, causes, risk factors, self-care, and when medical review may be needed, including symptoms lasting more than a week, worsening after initial improvement, lasting fever, repeated sinusitis history, and urgent eye or neurological warning signs.
• Ear, Nose & Throat Journal: Association Between Dietary Factors and Chronic Sinusitis Among Korean Individuals — Reports adult population data linking chronic sinusitis with dietary factors such as energy intake, fat intake, dietary inflammatory index, and selected food patterns, while helping frame diet as something to track over time rather than a single-food explanation for symptoms.
• Frontiers in Public Health: Dietary Habits, Physical Activity, and Self-Reported Rhinosinusitis in Children and Adolescents — Examines self-reported rhinosinusitis in children and adolescents alongside dietary and activity patterns, including sweet carbonated drinks, salty snacks, milk intake, fruit intake, breakfast habits, meal frequency, and physical activity, supporting cautious use of meal and lifestyle tracking while noting the study is paediatric and survey-based.
• American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy: Dietary Modifications for Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Reviews dietary change as a possible adjunct for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis, including inflammatory diet patterns, meat and fat intake, probiotics or prebiotics, and low-salicylate diet in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, while noting that stronger prospective research is still needed.
• NHS inform: Sinusitis — Gives UK-facing guidance on sinusitis self-care, including rest, fluids, warm packs and salt water nasal cleaning, with advice on pharmacy support, GP review, urgent help, and possible links with allergies, asthma, hay fever, nasal polyps, smoking and reduced immunity.
• Healthline: 4 Foods to Avoid with Sinusitis — Summarises possible food-related symptom patterns, including dairy, refined sugar, high-histamine foods, and high-salicylate foods, while noting that the evidence is limited and more research is needed.
• AAO-HNS Bulletin: Do Dietary Habits Affect Sinonasal and Respiratory Health? — Reviews growing interest in diet and sinonasal health, including mixed findings around dietary traditions, fast food, fruit intake, rhinitis, and rhinosinusitis symptom patterns.
• GoodRx: Best Foods to Eat When You Have a Sinus Infection — Highlights warm fluids, hydration, anti-inflammatory food patterns, and practical food choices during sinus symptoms, while noting the limits of food-based sinus claims.
• Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: Identification of Problem Foods Using Food and Symptom Diaries — Shows how food and symptom diaries can help identify individual food-related patterns across timing, alcohol, caffeine, lactose, congestion, sinus symptoms, and other reported reactions.
• ASCIA: Sinusitis and Allergy FAQ — Explains how allergies can raise sinusitis risk through chronic inflammation and blocked drainage, with advice on avoiding allergens and environmental irritants such as tobacco smoke and strong odours.
• Sinus Relief NY: Dietary Influences for Sinusitis — Suggests keeping a food journal and testing suspected foods one at a time, although this is best treated as clinic advice rather than high-level evidence.
• Envision Health: Diet and Symptom Diary — Supplies a practical diary model for recording food intake, symptoms, timing, and possible links.
• WebMD: Sinusitis Dos and Don’ts — Gives general patient-facing self-care background on hydration, steam, rinsing, and irritant avoidance.
• AAFP: Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Reviews updated clinical guidance on chronic rhinosinusitis, including symptom patterns, diagnosis, first-line treatment with nasal saline irrigation and intranasal corticosteroids, acute exacerbations, and referral considerations.
• Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery: Clinical Practice Guideline, Adult Sinusitis Update — Sets out current adult sinusitis guidance on diagnosis, symptom duration, recurrent patterns, watchful waiting, symptom care, antibiotic decisions, patient education, shared decision-making, and follow-up planning based on the clinical pattern.
• Current Allergy and Asthma Reports: Patient and Public Outreach Initiatives in Chronic Rhinosinusitis from the Canadian Sinusitis Working Group: Support for Affected Patients and Extending an Understanding of CRS to the General Public — Documents patient-facing chronic rhinosinusitis education from the Canadian Sinusitis Working Group, including an action-plan approach shaped by clinical guidance, clinician input, patient feedback, and health-literacy aims.
• American Family Physician: Chronic Rhinosinusitis — Gives clinical background on chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms, diagnosis, first-line care, and when imaging or referral may be appropriate.
• Mayo Clinic: Acute Sinusitis Diagnosis and Treatment — Describes acute sinusitis assessment, home-care measures, nasal saline, nasal steroid sprays, pain relief, decongestant cautions, and when antibiotics may be considered.
• American Family Physician: Clinical Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sinusitis in Adults — Combines clinician-facing guidance on adult sinusitis diagnosis, symptom history, imaging decisions, treatment choice, symptom relief, antibiotics, and follow-up decisions in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. Mahoney, M.C. and Rosenfeld, R.M. (2007), American Family Physician, 76(11), pp.1620–1624.
• Ear, Nose & Throat Journal: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of SNOT-22 Outcomes After Sinus Surgery — Reviews SNOT-22 change in chronic rhinosinusitis studies after endoscopic sinus surgery, adding background on outcome measurement and the broader use of SNOT-22 as a sinus-specific symptom score.
• Cleveland Clinic: Acute Sinusitis — Supports monitoring around symptoms lasting longer than 10 days, symptoms getting better then worse, sinus headache, and ongoing illness despite home steps.
• NHS: Sinusitis Sinus Infection — Gives UK-facing guidance on sinusitis symptoms, self-care, pharmacist support, GP review, urgent NHS 111 advice, and possible ENT referral when symptoms persist or keep returning.
• —
• Alkholaiwi, F.M., Almutairi, R.R., Alrajhi, D.M., Altuwairqi, R.G., Almutairi, M.A., Binyousef, F.H., Alreshidi, F.S. and Alazmi, R.S. (2022): Occupational and environmental exposures, the association with chronic sinusitis. Saudi Medical Journal, 43(2), pp.125–131. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2022.43.2.20210686
• Dobrow, S.S., Davis, R.E., Franklin, K.E., De La Chapa, J., Strumpf, A., Payne, S.C. and Mattos, J.L. (2026): Climate and sino-nasal symptoms. International Journal of Biometeorology, 70, article 165. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-026-03154-z
• Gao, W.X., Ou, C.Q., Fang, S.B., Sun, Y.Q., Zhang, H., Cheng, L. and Fu, Q.L. (2016): Occupational and environmental risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis in China: A multicentre cross-sectional study. Respiratory Research, 17, article 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-016-0366-z
• Lee, H.J. and Kim, D.K. (2022): Effect of airborne particulate matter on the immunologic characteristics of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(3), article 1018. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031018
• Leland, E.M., Vohra, V., Seal, S.M., Zhang, Z. and Ramanathan, M. Jr. (2022): Environmental air pollution and chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology, 7(2), pp.349–360. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.774
• Leland, E.M., Zhang, Z., Kelly, K.M. and Ramanathan, M. Jr. (2021): Role of environmental air pollution in chronic rhinosinusitis. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 21(8), article 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-021-01019-6
• Lim, S. and Shin, H.W. (2021): Does particulate matter really affect sinusitis? Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology, 14(4), pp.365–366. https://doi.org/10.21053/ceo.2021.01392
• Monk, A.S., Worden, C.P., Benaim, E.H., Klatt-Cromwell, C., Thorp, B.D., Ebert, C.S. Jr., Senior, B.A. and Kimple, A.J. (2024): The impact of occupational exposures on chronic rhinosinusitis: A scoping review. Exploration of Asthma & Allergy, 2, pp.301–318. https://doi.org/10.37349/eaa.2024.00046
• Peeters, S., Wang, C., Bijnens, E.M., Bullens, D.M.A., Fokkens, W.J., Bachert, C., Hellings, P.W., Nawrot, T.S. and Seys, S.F. (2022): Association between outdoor air pollution and chronic rhinosinusitis patient reported outcomes. Environmental Health, 21, article 134. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-022-00948-7
• Sundaresan, A.S., Hirsch, A.G., Storm, M., Tan, B.K., Kennedy, T.L., Greene, J.S., Kern, R.C. and Schwartz, B.S. (2015): Occupational and environmental risk factors for chronic rhinosinusitis: A systematic review. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 5(11), pp.996–1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21573
• Bengtsson, C., Jonsson, L., Holmström, M., Hellgren, J., Franklin, K., Gíslason, T., Holm, M., Johannessen, A., Jõgi, R., Schlünssen, V., Janson, C. and Lindberg, E. (2019): Incident chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with impaired sleep quality: Results of the RhiNE study. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 15(6), pp.899–905. https://iris.landsbokasafn.is/en/publications/incident-chronic-rhinosinusitis-is-associated-with-impaired-sleep/
• Alt, J.A. and Smith, T.L. (2013): Chronic rhinosinusitis and sleep: A contemporary review. International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology, 3(12), pp.941–949. https://doi.org/10.1002/alr.21217
• Alt, J.A., Smith, T.L., Mace, J.C. and Soler, Z.M. (2013): Sleep quality and disease severity in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Laryngoscope, 123(10), pp.2364–2370. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.24040
• Bengtsson, C., Lindberg, E., Jonsson, L., Holmström, M. et al. (2017): Chronic rhinosinusitis impairs sleep quality: Results of the GA2LEN study. Sleep, 40(1), zsw021. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsw021
• Hopkins, C., Gillett, S., Slack, R., Lund, V.J. and Browne, J.P. (2009): Psychometric validity of the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test. Clinical Otolaryngology, 34(5), pp.447–454. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-4486.2009.01995.x
• Khan, A.H., Reaney, M., Guillemin, I., Nelson, L., Qin, S., Kamat, S., Mannent, L., Amin, N., Whalley, D. and Hopkins, C. (2022): Development of Sinonasal Outcome Test SNOT-22 domains in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Laryngoscope, 132(5), pp.933–941. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.29766
• Khan, N.S., Gajula, M., Goehring, L. et al. (2024): Chronic rhinosinusitis and mental health. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 150(11), pp.943–951. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2024.2705
• Kim, J.Y., Ko, I., Kim, M.S., Yu, M.S., Cho, B.J. and Kim, D.K. (2019): Association of chronic rhinosinusitis with depression and anxiety in a nationwide insurance population. JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery, 145(4), pp.313–319. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2018.4103
• Mahdavinia, M., Schleimer, R.P. and Keshavarzian, A. (2017): Sleep disruption in chronic rhinosinusitis. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 15(5), pp.457–465. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28276943/
• Riedl, D., Dejaco, D., Steinbichler, T.B., Innerhofer, V., Gottfried, T., Bektic-Tadic, L., Giotakis, A.I., Rumpold, G. and Riechelmann, H. (2021): Assessment of health-related quality-of-life in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: Validation of the German Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 140, article 110316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110316
• Schlosser, R.J., Storck, K., Smith, T.L., Mace, J.C., Rudmik, L., Soler, Z.M. and Alt, J.A. (2016): Burden of illness: A systematic review of depression in chronic rhinosinusitis. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 30(4), pp.250–256. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2016.30.4343
• Tomljenovic, D., Pinter, D. and Kalogjera, L. (2014): Perceived stress and severity of chronic rhinosinusitis in allergic and nonallergic patients. Allergy & Asthma Proceedings, 35(5), pp.398–403. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2014.35.3774
• Agacayak, K.S., Gulsun, B., Koparal, M., Atalay, Y., Aksoy, O. and Adiguzel, O. (2015): Alterations in maxillary sinus volume among oral and nasal breathers. Medical Science Monitor, 21, pp.18–26. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.891371
• Agius, A.M. and Sama, A. (2015): Rhinogenic and nonrhinogenic headaches. Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, 23(1), pp.15–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0000000000000121
• De Corso, E., Kar, M., Cantone, E., Lucidi, D., Settimi, S., Mele, D., Salvati, A., Bayar Muluk, N., Paludetti, G. and Cingi, C. (2018): Facial pain: sinus or not? Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 38(6), pp.485–496. https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-1721
• Suzuki, M. and Tanuma, T. (2020): The effect of nasal and oral breathing on airway collapsibility in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: Computational fluid dynamics analyses. PLOS One, 15(4), article e0231262. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231262
• Tikku, T., Khanna, R., Sachan, K., Srivastava, K. and Munjal, N. (2013): Dimensional changes in maxillary sinus of mouth breathers. Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research, 3(1), pp.9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2012.11.005
• Chen, J.J., Sun, J.C., Yu, Z.J. and Tan, Z.M. (2024): Association between dietary factors and chronic sinusitis among Korean individuals: insights from a large population-based study in Asia. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. OnlineFirst. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613241254281
• Kueper, T., Martinelli, D., Konetzki, W., Stamerjohn, R.W. and Magill, J.B. (1995): Identification of problem foods using food and symptom diaries. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 112(3), pp.415–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0194-5998(95)70276-8
• Nayan, S., Maby, A., Endam, L.M. and Desrosiers, M. (2015): Dietary modifications for refractory chronic rhinosinusitis? Manipulating diet for the modulation of inflammation. American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy, 29(6), pp.e170–e174. https://doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4220
• Pazdro-Zastawny, K., Krajewska, J., Kolator, M., Basiak-Rasała, A., Górna, S. and Zatoński, T. (2024): Dietary habits, physical activity, and self-reported rhinosinusitis in children and adolescents. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, article 1290307. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1290307
• Fu, Y., Liu, D., Huang, W., Wang, Z. and Zhang, Y. (2023): A systematic review and meta-analysis of SNOT-22 outcomes after sinus surgery. Ear, Nose & Throat Journal. OnlineFirst. https://doi.org/10.1177/01455613231187761
• Nayan, S., Kilty, S.J., Lloyd, H.B. and Desrosiers, M. (2017): Patient and public outreach initiatives in chronic rhinosinusitis from the Canadian Sinusitis Working Group: Support for affected patients and extending an understanding of CRS to the general public. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 17, article 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-017-0715-y
• Payne, S.C., McKenna, M., Buckley, J., Colandrea, M., Chow, A., Detwiller, K., Donaldson, A., Dubin, M., Finestone, S., Filip, P., Khalid, A., Peters, A.T., Rosenfeld, R.M., Akrami, Z. and Dhepyasuwan, N. (2025): Clinical practice guideline: Adult sinusitis update. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. https://doi.org/10.1002/ohn.1344